![]() The English and French word "commune" ( Italian: comune) appears in Latin records in various forms. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.Ĭommunes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. SOLE Defensive towers at San Gimignano, Tuscany, bear witness to the factional strife within communes. ( June 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ![]() This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |